一、直線導(dǎo)軌的組成

　　1、 Composition of linear guide rail

　　二、關(guān)于直線導(dǎo)軌的徑向間隙

　　2、 Regarding the radial clearance of linear guides

　　直線導(dǎo)軌的徑向間隙是指，直線導(dǎo)軌固定時，在其長度的部將滑塊輕輕的作上下移動，這時滑塊部的徑向移動量。直線導(dǎo)軌的徑向間隙分為5種，ZF(有間隙)、Z0(零間隙)、Z1(輕預(yù)壓)、Z2(中預(yù)壓)及Z3(重預(yù)壓)。直線導(dǎo)軌的徑向間隙，對運行精度、耐負(fù)荷性能和剛性都有明顯影響，因此根據(jù)用途適當(dāng)?shù)剡x擇間隙是很重要的。一般，考慮到因往復(fù)運動而產(chǎn)生的振動沖擊，選擇負(fù)間隙，對使用壽命及精度都會帶來好的效果。

　　The radial clearance of a linear guide refers to the amount of radial movement of the slider at the center of its length when the slider is gently moved up and down when the linear guide is fixed. The radial clearance of linear guides is divided into five types: ZF (with clearance), Z0 (zero clearance), Z1 (light preloading), Z2 (medium preloading), and Z3 (heavy preloading). The radial clearance of linear guides has a significant impact on operational accuracy, load resistance, and rigidity, so it is important to choose the appropriate clearance according to the purpose. Generally, considering the vibration impact caused by reciprocating motion, choosing negative clearance will bring good effects on service life and accuracy.

　　三、直線導(dǎo)軌精密度分類與注意事項

　　3、 Precision classification and precautions for linear guides

　　直線導(dǎo)軌機構(gòu)根據(jù)精度及剛性要求分為兩類：預(yù)緊級產(chǎn)品與非預(yù)緊級產(chǎn)品，預(yù)緊級產(chǎn)品也稱為非互換性產(chǎn)品，非預(yù)緊級產(chǎn)品也稱為互換性產(chǎn)品。

　　Linear guide mechanisms are divided into two categories based on accuracy and rigidity requirements: pre tensioned products and non tensioned products. Pre tensioned products are also known as non interchangeable products, while non tensioned products are also known as interchangeable products.

　　①預(yù)緊級產(chǎn)品滑塊的拆卸與裝配在安裝及使用過程中，通常禁止使滑塊脫離導(dǎo)軌或拆卸滑塊，因為這樣很容易使滑塊內(nèi)的滾珠脫落，使灰塵進(jìn)入滑塊內(nèi)部，降低部件精度甚損壞部件。如確需要使滑塊脫離導(dǎo)軌，需要在制造商指導(dǎo)下采用專用的暫用導(dǎo)軌軸進(jìn)行，而且要嚴(yán)格按滑塊原來的位置與方向裝回。

　　① During the installation and use of pre tensioned product sliders, it is usually forbidden to detach the slider from the guide rail or disassemble the slider, as this can easily cause the balls inside the slider to fall off, allowing dust to enter the slider, reducing component accuracy, and even damaging the components. If it is necessary to detach the slider from the guide rail, a dedicated temporary guide rail shaft should be used under the guidance of the manufacturer, and the slider should be strictly reinstalled in its original position and direction.

　　②非預(yù)緊級產(chǎn)品滑塊的拆卸與裝配非預(yù)緊產(chǎn)品的精度及剛性要求更低，通常既可以將滑塊裝配在導(dǎo)軌上后供應(yīng)，也可以將導(dǎo)軌與滑塊分開包裝供應(yīng)，因此也稱為互換性產(chǎn)品。精度等級：以HG系列為例：非互換性導(dǎo)軌尺寸精度（mm）

　　② The disassembly and assembly of non pre tensioned product sliders require lower precision and rigidity. Non pre tensioned products can usually be supplied by assembling the slider on the guide rail, or by packaging the guide rail and slider separately. Therefore, they are also known as interchangeable products. Accuracy level: Taking HG series as an example: Non interchangeable guide rail dimensional accuracy (mm)

　　HG系列直線導(dǎo)軌的精度，分為普通、高、精密、超精密、超高精密級共五級，客戶可依設(shè)備精度需求選用精度。

　　The accuracy of HG series linear guides is divided into five levels: ordinary, high, precision, ultra precision, and ultra high precision. Customers can choose the accuracy according to their equipment accuracy requirements.

　　直線導(dǎo)軌的間隙和預(yù)壓直接影響直線導(dǎo)軌的使用剛性。間隙：滑塊、軌道與鋼球之間的間隙。預(yù)壓：預(yù)先給鋼珠負(fù)荷力（加大鋼珠直徑）利用鋼珠和軌道之間負(fù)向間隙給于預(yù)壓。提高剛性及間隙。預(yù)壓等級分為輕預(yù)壓（Z0）、中預(yù)壓（ZA）、重預(yù)壓（ZB）應(yīng)用如下：

　　The clearance and preloading of linear guides directly affect the rigidity of their use. Gap: The gap between the slider, track, and steel ball. Preloading: Preloading is applied to the steel ball by increasing its diameter and utilizing the negative gap between the ball and the track. Improve rigidity and eliminate gaps. The preloading levels are divided into light preloading (Z0), medium preloading (ZA), and heavy preloading (ZB). The applications are as follows:

　　等級       | 應(yīng)用特點

　　Level | Application Features

　　輕預(yù)壓(Z0) | 振動極小，負(fù)荷平衡好，輕盈精密的移動

　　Light preloading (Z0) | minimal vibration, good load balance, light and precise movement

　　中預(yù)壓(ZA) | 中度振動，承受中度外懸負(fù)荷

　　Moderate preload (ZA) | Moderate vibration, bearing moderate external suspension load

　　重預(yù)壓(ZB) | 有振動和沖擊，承受外懸重負(fù)荷

　　Heavy preloading (ZB) | With vibration and impact, it can withstand external suspended heavy loads

　　四、直線導(dǎo)軌的選型流程

　　4、 Selection process of linear guide rail

　　選型實際探討數(shù)據(jù)：

　　Selection of actual exploration data:

　　[1)基本靜額定負(fù)荷(Co)的定義

　　[1) Definition of Basic Static Rated Load (Co)

　　直線導(dǎo)軌在靜止或運動中若承受過大的負(fù)荷，或受有很大沖擊負(fù)荷時，會導(dǎo)致珠道接觸面和鋼珠產(chǎn)生局部的變形;當(dāng)變形量超過某一限度，將妨礙直線導(dǎo)軌運動的平穩(wěn)性。基本靜額定負(fù)荷便是容許這個變形量的極限負(fù)荷。依照定義:負(fù)荷的方向和大小不變的狀態(tài)下，在受到應(yīng)力接觸面處，鋼珠與珠道表面的總變形量恰為鋼珠直徑萬分之一時的靜止負(fù)荷。

　　If a linear guide is subjected to excessive loads or significant impact loads during stationary or motion, it can cause local permanent deformation of the contact surface between the ball track and the steel ball; When the permanent deformation exceeds a certain limit, it will hinder the smoothness of the linear guide rail movement. The basic static rated load is the maximum load that allows for this permanent deformation. According to the definition, in a state where the direction and magnitude of the load remain unchanged, the total permanent deformation between the steel ball and the surface of the ball track at the contact surface under maximum stress is exactly one ten thousandth of the diameter of the steel ball under static load.

　　基本靜額定負(fù)荷的數(shù)值詳列于各規(guī)格尺寸表中:使用者可參照表格選用適合的直線導(dǎo)軌，但必需注意的是被選用的直線導(dǎo)軌在運行中所受的靜負(fù)荷不可超過其基本靜額定負(fù)荷

　　The values of the basic static rated load are detailed in the size tables of each specification. Users can refer to the table to select suitable linear guides, but it must be noted that the maximum static load experienced by the selected linear guide during operation cannot exceed its basic static rated load

　　(2)容許靜力矩(Mo)的定義

　　(2) Definition of allowable static moment (Mo)

　　當(dāng)滑塊中受到應(yīng)力的鋼珠達(dá)到上述定義之靜額定負(fù)荷時，此時滑塊所承載之力矩稱為靜額定力矩。在直線導(dǎo)軌運動中是以Ma、Mp、My這三個方向來定義:

　　When the steel ball subjected to the maximum stress in the slider reaches the static rated load defined above, the moment carried by the slider at this time is called the static rated moment. In linear guide motion, it is defined in three directions: Ma, Mp, and My:

　　靜系數(shù)選擇：直線導(dǎo)軌在慢速動作或動作頻率高的狀況下，需考慮靜系數(shù)。根據(jù)不同的使用狀況，計算靜負(fù)荷必須考慮不同的系數(shù)，尤其是直線導(dǎo)軌受到重型負(fù)荷時，需取用較大的系數(shù)。

　　Selection of static safety factor: When the linear guide operates at slow speed or high frequency, the static safety factor needs to be considered. According to different usage conditions, different safety factors must be considered when calculating static loads, especially when linear guides are subjected to heavy loads, a larger safety factor needs to be taken.

　　五、直線導(dǎo)軌的選型舉例設(shè)計要求：托盤+工件質(zhì)量：M=200Kg，加速時間：t=0.5S，升速：V=0.5m/s，絲杠導(dǎo)程：P=10mm，絲杠直徑：D=45mm，質(zhì)心距離導(dǎo)軌：L=300mm ? ，直線導(dǎo)軌間距：b=150mm，直線導(dǎo)軌摩擦系數(shù)=0.1，絲杠質(zhì)量：m=8.5Kg。

　　5、 Example design requirements for selection of linear guide rail: pallet+workpiece mass: M=200kg, acceleration time: t=0.5S, acceleration speed: V=0.5m/s, screw lead: P=10mm, screw diameter: D=45mm, center of mass distance from guide rail: L=300mm? Linear guide rail spacing: b=150mm, linear guide rail friction coefficient=0.1, screw mass: m=8.5Kg.